Movement analysis
50 exam-style questions with answers for 3.1.2 Movement analysis in AQA GCSE Physical Education (spec 8582). Practise with flashcards, a topic quiz, a random quiz across the course, 5 crosswords, or read every question and answer below. Not official AQA material.
All 50 questions and answers
Question 1 · Spec 3.1.2.1 · Levers
Name the three components of a lever. [3 marks]
Answer:Fulcrum (pivot), the joint (1); effort, the force from the muscle (1); load, the weight of the body part or object (1).Question 2 · Spec 3.1.2.1 · First-class levers
Describe a first-class lever and give a sporting example. [2 marks]
Answer:The fulcrum is between the effort and the load (1); e.g. the neck during extension when heading a football (1).Question 3 · Spec 3.1.2.1 · Second-class levers
Describe a second-class lever and give a sporting example. [2 marks]
Answer:The load is between the fulcrum and the effort (1); e.g. the ankle when a sprinter rises onto the balls of the feet (1).Question 4 · Spec 3.1.2.1 · Third-class levers
Describe a third-class lever and give a sporting example. [2 marks]
Answer:The effort is between the fulcrum and the load (1); e.g. the elbow during a bicep curl, or the knee when kicking (1).Question 5 · Spec 3.1.2.1 · Levers
Identify the type of lever at the elbow during flexion. [1 mark]
Answer:Third class.Question 6 · Spec 3.1.2.1 · Levers
Identify the type of lever at the ankle during a take-off for a jump. [1 mark]
Answer:Second class.Question 7 · Spec 3.1.2.1 · Mechanical advantage
Define mechanical advantage. [2 marks]
Answer:The ratio of the effort arm to the load arm (1); a lever with a high mechanical advantage can move a large load with a small effort (1).Question 8 · Spec 3.1.2.1 · Mechanical advantage
Explain why second-class levers have a high mechanical advantage. [2 marks]
Answer:The effort arm is longer than the load arm (1); so a large load can be moved with relatively little effort (1).Question 9 · Spec 3.1.2.1 · Mechanical advantage
Explain why third-class levers have a mechanical disadvantage but are still useful. [2 marks]
Answer:The load arm is longer than the effort arm, so more effort is needed (1); but they allow a large range of movement and speed (1).Question 10 · Spec 3.1.2.1 · Lever diagrams
When drawing a lever diagram, state what must be labelled. [3 marks]
Answer:The fulcrum (1); the effort (1); the load, with the effort arm and load arm (1).Question 11 · Spec 3.1.2.1 · Levers
Explain the mechanical advantage of the ankle as a second-class lever for a sprinter. [2 marks]
Answer:The effort arm from the ball of the foot to the gastrocnemius attachment is longer than the load arm (1); so the sprinter can lift body weight with relatively little effort (1).Question 12 · Spec 3.1.2.1 · Levers
Identify the lever system at the knee during the upward phase of a squat. [1 mark]
Answer:Third class.Question 13 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Planes
Name the three planes of movement. [3 marks]
Answer:Sagittal (1); frontal (1); transverse (1).Question 14 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Axes
Name the three axes of movement. [3 marks]
Answer:Frontal axis (1); sagittal axis (1); longitudinal (vertical) axis (1).Question 15 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Sagittal plane
Describe the sagittal plane. [1 mark]
Answer:A vertical plane that divides the body into left and right halves.Question 16 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Frontal plane
Describe the frontal plane. [1 mark]
Answer:A vertical plane that divides the body into front and back halves.Question 17 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Transverse plane
Describe the transverse plane. [1 mark]
Answer:A horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower halves.Question 18 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Sagittal plane
State the plane and axis of movement for a front somersault. [2 marks]
Answer:Sagittal plane (1); frontal axis (1).Question 19 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Frontal plane
State the plane and axis of movement for a cartwheel. [2 marks]
Answer:Frontal plane (1); sagittal axis (1).Question 20 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Transverse plane
State the plane and axis of movement for a full twist jump. [2 marks]
Answer:Transverse plane (1); longitudinal axis (1).Question 21 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Transverse plane
State the plane and axis of movement for a discus throw rotation. [2 marks]
Answer:Transverse plane (1); longitudinal axis (1).Question 22 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Sagittal plane
Which plane do flexion and extension take place in? [1 mark]
Answer:The sagittal plane.Question 23 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Frontal plane
Which plane do abduction and adduction take place in? [1 mark]
Answer:The frontal plane.Question 24 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Sagittal plane
State the plane and axis for the leg action during running. [2 marks]
Answer:Sagittal plane (1); frontal axis (1).Question 25 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Frontal plane
State the plane and axis for the arm action in a star jump. [2 marks]
Answer:Frontal plane (1); sagittal axis (1).Question 26 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Transverse plane
State the plane and axis for a golfer's body rotation during a swing. [2 marks]
Answer:Transverse plane (1); longitudinal axis (1).Question 27 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Axes
Describe the longitudinal axis. [1 mark]
Answer:An axis running vertically from head to toe.Question 28 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Axes
Describe the frontal axis. [1 mark]
Answer:An axis running horizontally from side to side.Question 29 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Axes
Describe the sagittal axis. [1 mark]
Answer:An axis running horizontally from front to back.Question 30 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Movement analysis
Analyse the movement at the knee in the upward phase of a squat. [3 marks]
Answer:Extension (1); third-class lever (1); quadriceps contract concentrically as the agonist (1).Question 31 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Movement analysis
Analyse the movement at the elbow in the downward phase of a press-up. [3 marks]
Answer:Flexion (1); the triceps contracts eccentrically (1); to control the lowering of the body (1).Question 32 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Movement analysis
Analyse the movement at the ankle as a basketball player jumps. [3 marks]
Answer:Plantar flexion (1); gastrocnemius is the agonist (1); second-class lever (1).Question 33 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Movement analysis
Analyse the movement at the hip when a footballer prepares to kick (leg drawn back). [2 marks]
Answer:Extension at the hip (1); gluteals are the agonist (1).Question 34 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Movement analysis
Analyse the movement at the shoulder during the upward phase of a lateral raise. [2 marks]
Answer:Abduction (1); deltoid is the agonist (1).Question 35 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Movement analysis
Analyse the movement at the shoulder when a swimmer pulls the arm down through the water in front crawl. [2 marks]
Answer:Extension (or adduction) at the shoulder (1); latissimus dorsi is the agonist (1).Question 36 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Movement analysis
Analyse the movement at the knee when a footballer kicks the ball. [3 marks]
Answer:Extension at the knee (1); quadriceps are the agonist (1); hamstrings are the antagonist (1).Question 37 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Movement analysis
Analyse the movement at the ankle during the upward phase of a calf raise. [2 marks]
Answer:Plantar flexion (1); gastrocnemius contracts concentrically (1).Question 38 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Movement analysis
Analyse the movement at the elbow during the upward phase of a shoulder press. [2 marks]
Answer:Extension (1); triceps is the agonist (1).Question 39 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Movement analysis
Analyse the movement at the hip during the upward phase of a sit-up. [2 marks]
Answer:Flexion (1); hip flexors are the agonist (1).Question 40 · Spec 3.1.2.1 · Levers
Identify the lever system at the neck when a rugby player lifts their head to look up. [1 mark]
Answer:First class.Question 41 · Spec 3.1.2.1 · Levers
Explain why most levers in the body are third class. [1 mark]
Answer:They allow a large range of movement and speed of movement, even though they need more effort.Question 42 · Spec 3.1.2.1 · Levers
Identify where the fulcrum is in the elbow lever. [1 mark]
Answer:The elbow joint.Question 43 · Spec 3.1.2.1 · Levers
Identify where the effort is applied in the ankle lever during plantar flexion. [1 mark]
Answer:At the insertion of the gastrocnemius on the heel (via the Achilles tendon).Question 44 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Movement analysis
State the plane and axis for a tennis forehand when the body rotates. [2 marks]
Answer:Transverse plane (1); longitudinal axis (1).Question 45 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Movement analysis
State the plane and axis for a side-step in netball. [2 marks]
Answer:Frontal plane (1); sagittal axis (1).Question 46 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Movement analysis
State the plane and axis for a forward roll in gymnastics. [2 marks]
Answer:Sagittal plane (1); frontal axis (1).Question 47 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Movement analysis
State the plane and axis for a 360° turn in a dance routine. [2 marks]
Answer:Transverse plane (1); longitudinal axis (1).Question 48 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Movement analysis
Analyse the movement at the knee in the downward phase of a squat. [3 marks]
Answer:Flexion (1); quadriceps contract eccentrically (1); to control the downward movement (1).Question 49 · Spec 3.1.2.2 · Movement analysis
Analyse the movement at the shoulder in the upward phase of a pull-up. [2 marks]
Answer:Adduction (or extension) at the shoulder (1); latissimus dorsi is the agonist (1).Question 50 · Spec 3.1.2.1 · Levers
Compare the mechanical advantage of second- and third-class levers. [2 marks]
Answer:Second-class levers have a high mechanical advantage, moving large loads with little effort (1); third-class levers have a low mechanical advantage but give a large range and speed of movement (1).