Edexcel GCSE History · Option 13

Migrants in Britain, c800–present and Notting Hill, c1948–c1970

50 exam-style questions with answers for Option 13 Migrants in Britain, c800–present and Notting Hill, c1948–c1970 in Edexcel GCSE History (spec 1HI0). Practise with flashcards, a topic quiz, a random quiz across the course, 5 crosswords, or read every question and answer below. Not official Pearson material.

All 50 questions and answers

Question 1 · Option 13, c800–c1500: 1
State two reasons for Viking invasions of Britain. [2 marks]
Answer:
Any two from: wealth from raiding monasteries (1); a shortage of farmland in Scandinavia (1); trade (1); good ships (longboats) (1).
Question 2 · Option 13, c800–c1500: 1
Why did Jews come to England after 1066? [2 marks]
Answer:
William I invited Jews from Rouen in Normandy (1); because they could lend money, which Christians were forbidden to do, and help royal finances (1).
Question 3 · Option 13, c800–c1500: 1
Why did Edward III encourage Flemish weavers to settle in England? [2 marks]
Answer:
England exported raw wool but had few skilled cloth makers (1); Flemish weavers brought skills that developed the English cloth industry (1).
Question 4 · Option 13, c800–c1500: 1
Explain why England's wool trade attracted migrants. [1 mark]
Answer:
Wool was England's most valuable export, so foreign merchants and bankers, such as Italians and Hanseatic traders, came to trade and lend money.
Question 5 · Option 13, c800–c1500: 2
What was an 'alien' in medieval England? [2 marks]
Answer:
A person born outside the king's lands (1); aliens had fewer legal rights, for example they could not own land without permission (1).
Question 6 · Option 13, c800–c1500: 2
How did the Black Death affect attitudes to migrants? [2 marks]
Answer:
Labour shortages created work opportunities for migrants (1); but competition and economic tension led to attacks, such as the killing of Flemings in the Peasants' Revolt of 1381 (1).
Question 7 · Option 13, c800–c1500: 2
Why were the Jews expelled from England in 1290? [2 marks]
Answer:
Edward I had taxed them heavily until they had little left to give (1); antisemitism was widespread and expulsion was popular with his subjects (1).
Question 8 · Option 13, c800–c1500: 2
What was the Danelaw? [1 mark]
Answer:
The area of north and east England under Viking control and law, agreed in Alfred’s treaty with Guthrum after his victory at Edington (878).
Question 9 · Option 13, c800–c1500: 2
State two ways the Normans changed the built environment. [2 marks]
Answer:
Any two from: castles (1); large stone cathedrals and churches in the Romanesque style (1); new towns (1).
Question 10 · Option 13, c800–c1500: 3
Describe York under the Vikings. [2 marks]
Answer:
The Vikings captured York in 866 and renamed it Jorvik (1); it became a busy trading centre with craftsmen working in metal, wood and leather (1).
Question 11 · Option 13, c1500–c1700: 1
State two reasons for migration to England in c1500–c1700. [2 marks]
Answer:
Any two from: Protestants escaping religious persecution in Europe (1); skilled workers seeking opportunities (1); Africans brought by trade and privateering (1); merchants drawn by trade (1).
Question 12 · Option 13, c1500–c1700: 1
Who was John Blanke? [1 mark]
Answer:
A Black trumpeter at the courts of Henry VII and Henry VIII.
Question 13 · Option 13, c1500–c1700: 2
State two ways migrants affected England's economy in c1500–c1700. [2 marks]
Answer:
Any two from: new cloth-making skills (1); market gardening (1); silk weaving (1); paper-making and printing (1).
Question 14 · Option 13, c1500–c1700: 3
Why were Flemish and Walloon migrants invited to Sandwich in 1561? [2 marks]
Answer:
They were Protestants escaping persecution in the Spanish Netherlands (1); the town hoped their cloth-making skills would revive its declining economy (1).
Question 15 · Option 13, c1500–c1700: 3
What were the 'new draperies'? [1 mark]
Answer:
Lighter, cheaper woollen cloths, such as bays and says, made by Flemish and Walloon migrants.
Question 16 · Option 13, c1500–c1700: 3
How did the Walloons contribute to Canterbury's economy? [1 mark]
Answer:
They developed silk and cloth weaving, providing work for local people.
Question 17 · Option 13, c1500–c1700: 3
Who were the Huguenots? [2 marks]
Answer:
French Protestants who fled religious persecution, especially after 1685 (1); many settled in London and brought skills such as silk weaving (1).
Question 18 · Option 13, c1500–c1700: 3
Why did many Huguenots come to England after 1685? [2 marks]
Answer:
Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes, ending protection for French Protestants (1); about 50,000 fled to England, many to Spitalfields in London (1).
Question 19 · Option 13, c1700–c1900: 1
Explain why Irish people migrated to Britain in the 19th century. [2 marks]
Answer:
The Great Famine of 1845–1849 caused starvation (1); there was work in British industry and building (1).
Question 20 · Option 13, c1700–c1900: 1
How did the British Empire encourage migration to Britain? [2 marks]
Answer:
Sailors such as lascars from India came on trading ships (1); servants, students and enslaved people were brought from the colonies (1).
Question 21 · Option 13, c1700–c1900: 2
How did the media portray Irish migrants in the nineteenth century? [1 mark]
Answer:
Newspapers and cartoons, such as those in Punch, often showed them as drunken, violent and ape-like.
Question 22 · Option 13, c1700–c1900: 2
State two ways migrants contributed to Britain in the nineteenth century. [2 marks]
Answer:
Any two from: Irish navvies built canals and railways (1); Jewish tailors developed the clothing trade (1); Italian ice cream sellers (1); German bakers and businessmen (1).
Question 23 · Option 13, c1700–c1900: 3
Explain Liverpool's role in migration in the nineteenth century. [2 marks]
Answer:
It was the main port for migrants leaving Europe for America (1); and the arrival point for many Irish fleeing the Famine of 1845–49 (1).
Question 24 · Option 13, c1700–c1900: 3
Describe the living conditions of Irish migrants in Liverpool. [2 marks]
Answer:
Many lived in overcrowded cellars and courts with poor sanitation (1); disease such as typhus and cholera spread quickly (1).
Question 25 · Option 13, c1700–c1900: 3
Explain why Jewish people migrated to Britain in the late 19th century. [1 mark]
Answer:
To escape pogroms (persecution) in the Russian Empire.
Question 26 · Option 13, c1700–c1900: 3
Describe the experience of Jewish migrants in the East End of London. [2 marks]
Answer:
Many worked in sweatshops in tailoring and shoemaking for long hours and low pay (1); they faced hostility and claims that they took jobs and housing (1).
Question 27 · Option 13, c1700–c1900: 3
What was the Aliens Act (1905)? [1 mark]
Answer:
The first law to restrict immigration, allowing officials to refuse entry to poor or criminal migrants.
Question 28 · Option 13, c1900–present: 1
State two reasons for migration to Britain after 1945. [2 marks]
Answer:
Any two from: Britain needed labour to rebuild after the war (1); Commonwealth citizens had the right to come (1); poverty in the Caribbean and South Asia (1); escaping conflict, such as the partition of India (1).
Question 29 · Option 13, c1900–present: 1
What did the British Nationality Act (1948) do? [1 mark]
Answer:
It gave all people of the Commonwealth British citizenship and the right to live in Britain.
Question 30 · Option 13, c1900–present: 1
What was the Commonwealth Immigrants Act (1962)? [1 mark]
Answer:
It restricted Commonwealth immigration to people with work vouchers.
Question 31 · Option 13, c1900–present: 1
Why did Ugandan Asians come to Britain in 1972? [1 mark]
Answer:
Idi Amin expelled them from Uganda.
Question 32 · Option 13, c1900–present: 1
How did EU membership affect migration to Britain? [1 mark]
Answer:
EU citizens had the right to live and work in Britain, and many came from Eastern Europe after 2004.
Question 33 · Option 13, c1900–present: 2
What did the Race Relations Act (1965) do? [1 mark]
Answer:
It made discrimination on grounds of race in public places illegal.
Question 34 · Option 13, c1900–present: 2
Who was Enoch Powell? [1 mark]
Answer:
A Conservative MP whose 'Rivers of Blood' speech in 1968 warned against immigration and increased racial tension.
Question 35 · Option 13, c1900–present: 2
State two ways migrants have affected Britain since 1945. [2 marks]
Answer:
Any two from: staffing the NHS and public transport (1); food, music and festivals (1); businesses and corner shops (1); MPs and other politicians (1).
Question 36 · Option 13, c1900–present: 3
What was the Bristol Bus Boycott (1963)? [2 marks]
Answer:
The Bristol Omnibus Company refused to employ Black or Asian bus crews (1); a boycott led by Paul Stephenson forced it to change its policy, and helped lead to the Race Relations Act (1).
Question 37 · Option 13, c1900–present: 3
Why did many Asian migrants settle in Leicester? [2 marks]
Answer:
Jobs in textile and hosiery factories (1); later, Ugandan Asians joined existing communities, despite the council warning them not to come in 1972 (1).
Question 38 · Option 13, Notting Hill historic environment
Explain why Caribbean migrants settled in Notting Hill. [2 marks]
Answer:
Cheap rooms were available in old, run-down houses (1); other landlords would not rent to Black people (1).
Question 39 · Option 13, Notting Hill historic environment
What is an HMO? [1 mark]
Answer:
A house of multiple occupation: a house split into rooms let to different families or tenants.
Question 40 · Option 13, Notting Hill historic environment
Who was Peter Rachman? [1 mark]
Answer:
A slum landlord who overcharged tenants and used intimidation to remove them.
Question 41 · Option 13, Notting Hill historic environment
Who was Bruce Kenrick? [1 mark]
Answer:
A minister who founded the Notting Hill Housing Trust in 1963 to provide better homes.
Question 42 · Option 13, Notting Hill historic environment
What was a 'pardner' scheme? [1 mark]
Answer:
A savings scheme where members paid into a fund each week and took turns to receive the lump sum.
Question 43 · Option 13, Notting Hill historic environment
What were the Notting Hill Riots (1958)? [2 marks]
Answer:
Attacks on Black residents by white youths over several nights in late August and September (1); many were Teddy Boys, encouraged by far-right groups (1).
Question 44 · Option 13, Notting Hill historic environment
Who was Kelso Cochrane? [2 marks]
Answer:
An Antiguan carpenter murdered in Notting Hill in 1959 (1); about 1,200 people attended his funeral, and his killers were never caught (1).
Question 45 · Option 13, Notting Hill historic environment
How did Oswald Mosley try to exploit tension in Notting Hill? [1 mark]
Answer:
He stood for Parliament in North Kensington in 1959 on an anti-immigration platform, but came last.
Question 46 · Option 13, Notting Hill historic environment
Who was Claudia Jones? [2 marks]
Answer:
A Trinidad-born campaigner who founded the West Indian Gazette (1958) (1); she helped start the Caribbean carnival that became Notting Hill Carnival (1).
Question 47 · Option 13, Notting Hill historic environment
What was the 1959 Caribbean Carnival? [1 mark]
Answer:
An indoor carnival at St Pancras Town Hall organised by Claudia Jones to celebrate Caribbean culture after the riots.
Question 48 · Option 13, Notting Hill historic environment
What was the Mangrove Restaurant? [1 mark]
Answer:
A Caribbean restaurant opened by Frank Crichlow in 1968, which became a community centre and was repeatedly raided by police.
Question 49 · Option 13, Notting Hill historic environment
Who were the Mangrove Nine? [2 marks]
Answer:
Nine people arrested after a 1970 protest march against police raids on the Mangrove (1); at their trial in 1971 they were cleared of the main charges, and the judge accepted there was evidence of racial hatred among the police (1).
Question 50 · Option 13, Notting Hill historic environment
State one strength and one weakness of oral memoirs as a source for Notting Hill. [2 marks]
Answer:
Strength: they give the personal experiences of Caribbean residents, which official records often missed (1). Weakness: memories can fade or be distorted over time (1).

← Option 12 Warfare and British society, c1250–present and London and the Second World War, 1939–45 Option B1 Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, c1060–88 →

Migrants in Britain, c800–present and Notting Hill, c1948–c1970

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