AQA A-level History · 2O

Democracy and Nazism: Germany, 1918–1945

50 exam-style questions with answers for 2O Democracy and Nazism: Germany, 1918–1945 in AQA A-level History (spec 7042). Practise with flashcards, a topic quiz, a random quiz across the course, 5 crosswords, or read every question and answer below. Not official AQA material.

All 50 questions and answers

Question 1 · Spec 2O, Part one
What happened in October and November 1918 in Germany? [1 mark]
Answer:
Constitutional reforms, then naval mutiny, revolution, the Kaiser’s abdication and the armistice.
Question 2 · Spec 2O, Part one
What was the Ebert-Groener Pact? [1 mark]
Answer:
An agreement in which the army supported Ebert’s government in return for it resisting radical revolution.
Question 3 · Spec 2O, Part one
Where was the constitution drafted? [1 mark]
Answer:
In Weimar, in 1919.
Question 4 · Spec 2O, Part one
State two terms of the Treaty of Versailles affecting Germany. [2 marks]
Answer:
Any two from: War Guilt (Article 231) (1); reparations (1); loss of territory (1); army limited to 100,000 (1).
Question 5 · Spec 2O, Part one
What was the Spartacist Rising (1919)? [1 mark]
Answer:
A communist uprising in Berlin crushed by the Freikorps.
Question 6 · Spec 2O, Part one
What was the Kapp Putsch (1920)? [1 mark]
Answer:
A right-wing coup defeated by a general strike.
Question 7 · Spec 2O, Part one
What happened in 1923? [1 mark]
Answer:
The Ruhr occupation, hyperinflation and the Munich Putsch.
Question 8 · Spec 2O, Part one
What was the Rentenmark? [1 mark]
Answer:
The new currency introduced in 1923 to end hyperinflation.
Question 9 · Spec 2O, Part one
What was the Dawes Plan (1924)? [1 mark]
Answer:
A plan reducing reparations payments and providing American loans.
Question 10 · Spec 2O, Part one
State two Weimar social welfare reforms. [2 marks]
Answer:
Any two from: unemployment insurance (1927) (1); housing programmes (1); pensions for war veterans (1).
Question 11 · Spec 2O, Part one
Name two features of Weimar culture. [2 marks]
Answer:
Any two from: Bauhaus (1); expressionism (1); new cinema (1); cabaret (1).
Question 12 · Spec 2O, Part one
State two achievements of Stresemann’s foreign policy. [2 marks]
Answer:
Any two from: Locarno (1925) (1); joining the League (1926) (1); the Young Plan (1929) (1); evacuation of the Rhineland (1).
Question 13 · Spec 2O, Part one
What happened to unemployment after 1929? [1 mark]
Answer:
It rose to about 6 million by 1932.
Question 14 · Spec 2O, Part one
What was Brüning’s government? [1 mark]
Answer:
A government ruling by presidential decree from 1930.
Question 15 · Spec 2O, Part one
How many seats did the Nazis win in July 1932? [1 mark]
Answer:
230.
Question 16 · Spec 2O, Part one
Who was Schleicher? [1 mark]
Answer:
The general who became the last Chancellor before Hitler.
Question 17 · Spec 2O, Part one
Define the term ‘backstairs intrigue’. [1 mark]
Answer:
Secret deals among Papen, Schleicher and Hindenburg’s circle that led to Hitler’s appointment.
Question 18 · Spec 2O, Part one
What was the Reichstag Fire Decree? [1 mark]
Answer:
An emergency decree suspending civil liberties after the fire in February 1933.
Question 19 · Spec 2O, Part one
What was the Enabling Act (March 1933)? [1 mark]
Answer:
It gave Hitler’s government power to make laws without the Reichstag.
Question 20 · Spec 2O, Part one
What was the Stab in the Back myth? [1 mark]
Answer:
The claim that the army was betrayed by politicians in 1918.
Question 21 · Spec 2O, Part one
What was Article 48? [1 mark]
Answer:
The President’s emergency power to rule by decree.
Question 22 · Spec 2O, Part one
How did proportional representation affect Weimar politics? [1 mark]
Answer:
It produced many parties and unstable coalitions.
Question 23 · Spec 2O, Part one
What was the Young Plan (1929)? [1 mark]
Answer:
It reduced total reparations and extended payment to 1988.
Question 24 · Spec 2O, Part one
What was the Harzburg Front (1931)? [1 mark]
Answer:
An alliance of nationalist groups, including the Nazis, against the Republic.
Question 25 · Spec 2O, Part two
What was Gleichschaltung? [1 mark]
Answer:
Coordination of all institutions under Nazi control.
Question 26 · Spec 2O, Part two
What was the Night of the Long Knives? [1 mark]
Answer:
The purge of the SA leadership in June 1934.
Question 27 · Spec 2O, Part two
Who was Himmler? [1 mark]
Answer:
Head of the SS and later all police.
Question 28 · Spec 2O, Part two
What was the People’s Court? [1 mark]
Answer:
A court set up in 1934 to try political crimes.
Question 29 · Spec 2O, Part two
Who was Schacht? [1 mark]
Answer:
Economics Minister who introduced the New Plan and Mefo bills.
Question 30 · Spec 2O, Part two
What were Mefo bills? [1 mark]
Answer:
Credit notes used to finance rearmament secretly.
Question 31 · Spec 2O, Part two
What was the Four Year Plan? [1 mark]
Answer:
Göring’s plan from 1936 to prepare the economy for war.
Question 32 · Spec 2O, Part two
Define the term ‘Volksgemeinschaft’. [1 mark]
Answer:
The national community of racially pure Germans.
Question 33 · Spec 2O, Part two
What was the Hitler Youth? [1 mark]
Answer:
The Nazi youth organisation, compulsory from 1939.
Question 34 · Spec 2O, Part two
What was the Concordat (1933)? [1 mark]
Answer:
An agreement with the Pope that the Nazis later broke.
Question 35 · Spec 2O, Part two
What was the T4 programme? [1 mark]
Answer:
The Nazi ‘euthanasia’ programme that murdered disabled people.
Question 36 · Spec 2O, Part two
What was the April 1933 boycott? [1 mark]
Answer:
A one-day Nazi boycott of Jewish shops.
Question 37 · Spec 2O, Part two
What were the Nuremberg Laws (1935)? [1 mark]
Answer:
They removed Jews’ citizenship and banned marriage with non-Jews.
Question 38 · Spec 2O, Part two
How did the Anschluss affect Austrian Jews? [1 mark]
Answer:
They were immediately persecuted and many forced to emigrate.
Question 39 · Spec 2O, Part two
What was Kristallnacht (1938)? [1 mark]
Answer:
A pogrom against Jews across Germany.
Question 40 · Spec 2O, Part two
Who were the Einsatzgruppen? [1 mark]
Answer:
SS killing squads that murdered Jews in the East from 1941.
Question 41 · Spec 2O, Part two
What were ghettos? [1 mark]
Answer:
Enclosed areas in occupied cities where Jews were confined.
Question 42 · Spec 2O, Part two
What was the Wannsee Conference (1942)? [1 mark]
Answer:
The meeting that coordinated the Final Solution.
Question 43 · Spec 2O, Part two
Who was Albert Speer? [1 mark]
Answer:
Armaments Minister from 1942 who increased war production.
Question 44 · Spec 2O, Part two
What was total war? [1 mark]
Answer:
Goebbels’ 1943 call for complete mobilisation of the economy and society.
Question 45 · Spec 2O, Part two
Who were the White Rose? [1 mark]
Answer:
Munich students who distributed anti-Nazi leaflets.
Question 46 · Spec 2O, Part two
What was the July Plot (1944)? [1 mark]
Answer:
Stauffenberg’s failed bomb plot to kill Hitler.
Question 47 · Spec 2O, Part two
What was the Labour Front (DAF)? [1 mark]
Answer:
The Nazi organisation that replaced trade unions.
Question 48 · Spec 2O, Part two
What was the Reich Church? [1 mark]
Answer:
The Nazi-controlled Protestant church.
Question 49 · Spec 2O, Part two
What was the Confessing Church? [1 mark]
Answer:
Protestants who resisted Nazi control, led by Niemöller.
Question 50 · Spec 2O, Part two
What were the Edelweiss Pirates? [1 mark]
Answer:
Youth groups who rejected the Hitler Youth.

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Democracy and Nazism: Germany, 1918–1945

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